The following terms in boldface (as well as a few concepts not specifically listed, but indicated in these review questions) are drawn from Chapter 7 and class lectures on this material. You should know all of these terms, including their (1) spelling, (2) pronunciation, and (3) definition, and be able to use them correctly in speaking and writing about music.

Please note that while you are not responsible for Listening on this test, you may find it useful to review the examples in Chapter 7 included on the CD accompanying the textbook. You will be tested on the Listening examples in a separate Listening quiz.

1. What financial effects of World War II and the post-war years led to the demise of many big bands? How did the American Federation of Musicians strike contribute to this problem?
2. What personal reasons might individual musicians (notably sidemen in big bands) have for wanting to play different styles of music after work?
3. What were Jam sessions, and where did they take place? How did these gatherings at places like Minton's and Monroe's in New York help to develop Bebop (or just Bop) in the late 1940s?
4. What is the sound of Bebop like, especially when compared to Swing? What is the typical Bebop ensemble, and what is different about the tempo, the melodies, their harmonizations, and so on? What is the "head" and when and how is it played? What are the "changes" and how are they used in improvisation? How does the role of the drummer change in Bebop, and what are ?
5. From where do Beboppers get many of the "changes" that they use for improvisation? What is a contrafact, what is reharmonization, and what is "running the changes", and how are these all typical of the Bebop sound?
6. Who was John "Dizzy" Gillespie, and why was he important in the emergence of Bebop? What instrument did he play, and in what sorts of groups (including specific ensembles) did he play before becoming a Bebopper? What is the style of his Bebop playing like?
7. Who was Charlie Parker, what instrument did he play, and why was he one of the most important figures in Bebop? What was his career like? What is notable or remarkable about his improvisations?
8. Who was Bud Powell, what instrument did he play, and how did he adapt the influences of horn players like Gillespie and Parker to his own instrument?
9. Who was Thelonious Monk, and what instrument did he play? How does Monk's style relate to Bebop, and what is notable about his manner of playing and his improvisations?
10. Who was Woody Hermann and what sort of ensemble did he lead during the Bebop era?