The following terms in boldface (as well as a few concepts not specifically listed, but indicated in these review questions) are drawn from Chapter 4 and class lectures on this material. You should know all of these terms, including their (1) spelling, (2) pronunciation, and (3) definition, and be able to use them correctly in speaking and writing about music.

Please note that while you are not responsible for Listening on this test, you may find it useful to review the examples in Chapter 4 included on the CD accompanying the textbook. You will be tested on the Listening examples in a separate Listening quiz.

1. How and why is New York City different from such other early jazz centers as New Orleans and Chicago,and what effect does that have on jazz there? What sorts of commercial and artistic music establishments contribute to the musical life of NYC and thereby affect jazz in that city?
2. What was "Tin Pan Alley", what sorts of commercial activities took place there and how might they have influenced or affected jazz? What is sheet music, who used it, and how did song pluggers help sell it?
3. What sorts of musical activities took place on Broadway and how did that relate to "Tin Pan Alley" and also jazz?
4. What was the Harlem Renaissance, and how was it relevant to the early history of jazz in NYC? What was Harlem, who lived there (and why), and what sorts of musical activities took place there?
5. What was "Stride" Piano (or "Harlem Stride")? What, specifically, defines the style, and what is its relationship to the earlier piano style called "Ragtime"? What were "rent parties" and "cutting contests", and why are these activities relevant to the history of Stride Piano?
6. Who were James P. Johnson, Willie "the Lion" Smith, Thomas "Fats" Waller, and Art Tatum? What are some very basic facts about the lives and careers of these musicians? What is particularly notable about each man's piano style (and how might it differ from other players)?
7. Who was Paul Whiteman, what was his musical training and background like, and what sorts of music did his groups play (hot or sweet)? What was the "Experiment in Modern Music" and who participated in it? What "title" did Whiteman give himself?
8. Who was George Gershwin and how was he associated with jazz? What sorts of music did he compose? What were the Rhapsody in Blue and Porgy and Bess, and what relationship did these works have to "jazz"?
9. What is a "big band" and how does it differ from a traditional early New Orleans-style group (c. 1920-30)? What are the usual sections of a big band and what jazz instrument made its first regular appearance in big bands?
10. What is the art of "arranging" and how is it slightly different from "composition"? What is a "head arrangment" and what are "stock arrangements"?
11. Who were Fletcher Henderson and Don Redman, and why are they important in the development of big bands? How do their arrangements make use of the various sections of the big band, what important soloist joins their band in 1924 (and how did he influence the Henderson/Redman sound), and what are "riffs"?
12. Who was "Duke" Ellington, and how did his band differ in sound from the Henderson/Redman sound? Where in Harlem did Ellington's band play (what club), and what was the "jungle sound" that his group developed? How does Ellington's sound rely on the unique skills of individual players in his band?