The following terms in boldface (as well as a few concepts not specifically listed, but indicated in these review questions) are drawn from Chapter 3 and class lectures on this material. You should know all of these terms, including their (1) spelling, (2) pronunciation, and (3) definition, and be able to use them correctly in speaking and writing about music.

Please note that while you are not responsible for Listening on this test, you may find it useful to review the examples in Chapter 3 included on the CD accompanying the textbook. You will be tested on the Listening examples in a separate Listening quiz.

1. Who was Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton, and how and why is he important to the early history of jazz? When and were was he born (and what is unusual or noteworthy about his birthdate)? What did he claim to have done?
2. What were some of Morton's early musical experiences (where and with whom did he play, in general), and what musical styles influenced him? What instrument did he play, and in what styles? What is "swing" and how is it heard in Morton's music or playing?
3. Who were the Red Hot Peppers and how were they associated with Morton? What is different or noteworthy about recordings made under Morton's leadership?
4. Who was Louis Armstrong, and what is his reputation in the history of jazz? Why does he have that reputation?
5. What was Armstrong's early life like? Where and when was he born, what were his first musical experiences, and who were some of his first influences?
6. Why did Armstrong go to Chicago, with whom did he play as a sideman (and what is a "sideman"), and what important person did he meet in that group?
7. What group(s) did Armstrong form and lead in the mid- to late-1920s, and where did they play? How does their sound compare to earlier recorded jazz groups, and what is the reputation of their recordings?
8. How did Armstrong's playing differ from that of other trumpet and cornet players of his era? What are vibrato, "blue" notes, and any other effects notable in his playing? What is "scatting" or "scat singing" and what does that have to do with Armstrong's career?
9. What are Armstrong's later years like? What sorts of music does he play in the 1930s and beyond, and what other non-musical things did he do?
10. Who was Bix Beiderbecke, and how and why is he important in the early history of jazz? What is very differnt about him (as a person) compared to almost all other early jazz stars?
11. When and were did he learn music, and what instrument did he play? How does his style compare to Armstrong's? What is the difference between "hot" and "sweet" styles in early jazz?