The following terms in boldface (as well as a few concepts not specifically listed, but indicated in these review questions) are drawn from Chapter 2 and class lectures on this material. You should know all of these terms, including their (1) spelling, (2) pronunciation, and (3) definition, and be able to use them correctly in speaking and writing about music.

Please note that while you are not responsible for Listening on this test, you may find it useful to review the examples in Chapter 2 included on the CD accompanying the textbook. You will be tested on the Listening examples in a separate Listening quiz.

1. When was the term "jazz" (or "jass") first used, what was the context, and what did the word mean? When was the word first used to describe any musical styles?
2. How does early jazz differ from ragtime? What specific aspects of texture (instrumentation), melody, rhythm, etc. define the differences in these two styles? What roles did brass bands and Creole musicians play in the emergence of early jazz in New Orleans?
3. What were the typical instruments in the early New Orleans jazz band? What instruments formed the front line and what did each contribute to the texture? What instruments were the accompaniment? What special effects might be used by early jazz performers?
4. Who were Buddy Bolden, Freddie Keppard, Joe "King" Oliver, and others like them? What did they contribute to the history of early jazz?
5. How and why did New Orleans jazz musicians migrate to other American cities? Which city became the most important center of jazz (after New Orleans) in the early 1920s?
6. What was the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, why are they important in the early history of jazz, and what is their musical style like? Beyond musical traits, what other (racial) traits are important to note about the ODJB? What does the term "Dixieland" come to means (usually)?
7. How does recording technology contribute to both the popularity and spread of jazz? What limits did this technoogy place on the sound of these early jazz recordings?
8. What is the sound of the ODJB (and similar groups) like? What is the usual texture, how much improvisation is used, and how are pieces organized? What are stop time, breaks, and tags in this music?
9. Who was King Oliver and the Creole Jazz Band, why are they important in the early history of jazz, and how does their musical style differ from that of the ODJB? Who are some of the important members of this group? How do Joe Oliver's performance techniques differ from that of other early cornetists?
10. Who was James Reese Europe, what sorts of music (for what purpose) did his groups perform and for whom, and what is the relationship of their music to early jazz?
11. Who was Sidney Bechet and why was he important in early jazz?