The following concepts and terms in boldface (as well some not specifically listed, but indicated by these review questions) will be the basis of the materials on which you will be tested in the near future (Test # 4). Use your textbook, the PowerPoint slides, your notes and the links to any external web sites to find the information requested below. Remember that the "answers" are not always simple 1-2 word statements, but rather, may be more complex concepts.

Chapter 6

1. How did Black popular music change in the latter years of the 1960s? Who were the primary producers of this music, and where were they located?
2. Who is Berry Gordy, Jr., and why was he an important figure in Black popular music of the 1960s? With what company or other organization was he associated, and in what way?
3. What was Motown Records where were they located (specifically), what sort of business model(s) did they follow, and what sort of audience did the label target?
4. Who were Holland-Dozzier-Holland, who were the Funk Brothers, and what did these individuals do in the production of Motown recordings?
5. What are some of the ways in which Motown tried to make its "brand" distinctive and attractive to customers? What do choreography and the "charm school" have to do with this issue? What does "buy this record or a sandwich" mean?
6. Who were some of the more important Motown artists of 1960s, what is distinctive about the music produced by these performers, and what are a few of the most important recordings released by them? How were Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder different from other Motown artists?
7. What was Stax Records where were they located (specifically), what sort of business model(s) did they follow, and what sort of audience did the label target?
8. What sort of relationship did Stax Records have with Atlantic Records, and how did this relationship affect the "product" of both labels?
9. What is Southern Soul, and how does it differ from Sweet Soul? Who were Booker T and the MGs, who were David Porter and Isaac Hayes, and what did these individuals do in the production of Stax recordings? What was unusual or distinctive about Booker T and MGs? Also, why was Muscle Shoals relevant to the sound of Southern Soul?
10. Who were some of the more important Stax artists of 1960s, what is distinctive about the music produced by these performers, and what are a few of the most important recordings released by them? How (and why) were Atlantic Records performers used by Stax Records?
11. Who was James Brown, and how was his career different from that of Motown and Stax performers? What is the sound of James Brown's music like, and why might that be so?
12. What significant events in 1968 affected these labels and performers?
13. For music examples, know by title, performer, and sound any item that has a Listening Guide in the textbook. Additionally, know the following songs: "Dancing in the Streets," "Sitting on the Dock of the Bay," and "Soul Man."