The following concepts and terms in boldface (as well some not specifically listed, but indicated by these review questions) will be the basis of the materials on which you will be tested in the near future (Test # 2). Use your textbook, the PowerPoint slides, your notes and the links to any external web sites to find the information requested below. Remember that the "answers" are not always simple 1-2 word statements, but rather, may be more complex concepts.

Chapter 3

1. How is the era from about 1959 to 1963 identified in the history of rock 'n roll? What are its notable features and styles, and who are some of the leading figures and performers?
2. In what ways does this era mark a return to "business as usual"? What forces dominated the marketing of pop music at that time? Who was Dick Clark, and what was American Bandstand?
3. How do Teen Idols (and who were some examples of this phenomenon) and a dance craze like "The Twist" represent the control of music by old-fashioned marketing forces?
4. What was the Brill Building, and what does it represent? What was the "Brill Building" approach to music, and who were some of the most important figures associated with the Brill Building?
5. How and why does the Producer (and just what is a producer) become the dominant figure in pop music around 1960? How do Leiber and Stoller exemplify the practices of producers of that time?
6. Who was Phil Spector, and how was his approach to the recording studio different or exceptional? What are some of his trademark effects, and What is the "Wall of Sound"? Who are some ofthe performers with whom he worked, and what are some of his most famous projects?
7. What was "Sweet Soul", and who are some of the names most often associated with this sound?
8. How did Rockabilly adopt elements of the "Brill Building" sound? Who are some of the most important Rockabilly performers of this era?
9. What was "Surf Music", what defines the sound, and who were some of its more important performers?
10. What is Folk Music, and why is it important in this era? Why might college-aged audiences listen to this music? Who are some of this style's most important performers, and how are their sounds influenced by commercial recording practices?
11. Among other names, know especially the following, the style(s) associated with each, and any music examples (see the external links on the PowerPoint slides) shown or given in lectures: Frankie Avalon, Fabian (Forte), Chubby Checker, The Kingston Trio, Peter, Paul, and Mary, Leiber and Stoller, Phil Spector, The Coasters, Carole King & Gerry Goffin, Neil Sedaka, Sam Cooke, Ben E. King, The Drifters, The Everly Brothers, Roy Orbison, Ricky Nelson, The Righteous Brothers, Jan and Dean, and the Beach Boys. NB., These are not the only names you should know, but they are among the most important, especially as examples of specific styles. Know who these people were and why, and what their music sounds like.
12. For music examples, know by title, performer, and sound any item that has a Listening Guide in the textbook. Additionally, know the following songs: "Venus," "The Twist," "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow," "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'," and "Stand By Me."