Categorical Statements

 

Type

Quantity

Quality

Example

Symbolized

A

Universal

Affirmative

All A is B

A))B

E

Universal

Negative

No A is B

A)(B

I

Particular

Affirmative

Some A is B

A()B

O

Particular

Negative

Some A is not B

A((B

 

 

 

Immediate Inferences (Conversion, Obversion, Contraposition)

 

Standard Form

Converse

Obverse

Contrapositive

S))P

P()S (limit)

S)(non-P

Non-P))non-S

S)(P

P)(S

S))non-P

Non-P((non-S (limit)

S()P

P()S

S((non-P

None

S((P

None

S()non-P

Non-P((non-S