PHI 2100: Formal Logic I
Fall 2002
CL1-219,Tues/Thurs 2:30-3:45
Instructor and Contact Information:
Dr.
Nancy Stanlick
CNH
411-I/407-823-2273 or 407-823-5459
e-mail: stanlick@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu
Office
Hours: Tues, Thurs 1:15-2:15; Wednesday
10:30-12:00, & by appointment
Text:
S.
Layman, The Power of Logic, 2nd
edition (Primis Custom Publishing, McGraw-Hill)
The text for this course is a custom publication from
Primis, a division of McGraw-Hill publishing company. Note that chapters in the text are 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Chapters not used have been omitted. This accounts for the deletion of chapters
2-4 and others in the larger (and more expensive) full text. Some chapters from another text, Logic and Language © 1988-2002, will be
used from time to time in this course and relevant pages, chapters, or problems
will appear in class or on the website for this course. You need not buy anything to use selections
from that text. All elements of Logic and Language are used by
permission and full permission is granted to students in this course to copy
pages (for personal use only) from Logic
and Language that appear on this website.
Course Requirements/Course Description and Objective:
3
Examinations = 69% (23% each)
Attendance,
Quizzes, Assignments (31%)
Formal Logic I is a course in
introductory formal logic beginning with basic concepts of traditional
(Aristotelian) logic (TL), moving then through formal proofs and elements of
prepositional/statement (sentence) logic (SL), and ending with aspects of the
theory of quantification (predicate logic) (PL). You should become proficient
in the use of symbol systems, ordinary language and symbolic translations, and
methods of proof. Topics include forms
of immediate inference, use of Venn Diagrams and other methods of testing
arguments in traditional logic; direct, indirect and conditional proofs, proofs
of invalidity, concepts of consistency and inconsistency, identity, relations,
and related elements of sentence and predicate logic.
Formal logic requires attention,
attendance and participation. I am
reasonably forgiving; logic is not. It
will not do to wait until the night before an exam to study. Logic is notoriously difficult to “cram into
your head” in one evening. Come to
class prepared, make sure you have worked out problems and exercises as
indicated in class or in the schedule below, and be sure to be ready for
quizzes at any time.
As the semester progresses, it
is inevitable that you will wonder “where you are” grade-wise. Figure it like this. Each examination counts as 23% of your
grade. Your grade is based on a total
of 1000 points. Examinations, together,
count as 690 points out of 1000 (or 230 points each – to figure out what the
value of your exam grade is, take the grade out of 100 (for example, 83/100)
and multiply it (83) by 2.3).
Attendance, quizzes and assignments count as 310 points out of
1000. There will be at least 10 quizzes or 1 per week and at least
5 assignments or one assignment every 2 weeks. You may drop
the lowest 4 quiz grades and
the lowest 1 assignment grade. The average of your quizzes and assignments
will be multiplied by 3.1 to result in a number of points from an available
310. There are NO make-up quizzes or
assignments (take-home assignments will not be accepted late). Make-up examinations are unpleasant for
everyone involved, but if you miss an examination for a good, legitimate, and verifiable reason, you may make it up within
3 class meeting days of its initial administration.
Grading Scale and Policies
|
A |
95-100% |
C |
74-76.x% |
|
A- |
90-94.x% |
C- |
70-73.x% |
|
B+ |
87-89.x% |
D+ |
67-69.x% |
|
B |
84-86.x% |
D |
64-66.x% |
|
B- |
80-83.x% |
D- |
60-63.x% |
|
C+ |
77-79.x% |
F |
0-59.x% |
- Plagiarism or cheating of any kind on an examination, quiz or assignment will result at least in an “F” for that assignment (and may, depending on the severity of the case, lead to an “F” for the entire course) and may be subject to appropriate referral to the Office of Student Conduct for further action. See the UCF Golden Rule for further information.
- Assignments done out of class must also be your own work. There is nothing wrong with seeking the assistance of others (in fact, helping each other to study for examinations is highly recommended) for help in understanding concepts, principles, or methods, but simply obtaining answers from another person and turning them in as your own is certainly unacceptable.
- I will assume for this course that you will adhere to the academic creed of this University and will maintain the highest standards of academic integrity. In other words, don’t cheat by giving answers to others or by taking them from anyone else.
This
on-line schedule will be updated frequently (at least once a week) and will
include chapters, chapter topics, links to other information relevant to
chapters and topics, and assignments (for a grade and not-for-a-grade), as well
as examination dates. Quizzes and assignments
will appear regularly in class and may or may not be listed on the schedule
below. Remember that the schedule below
is meant only as a guide. Changes and
alterations in the schedule, scheduled topics, or examination dates may be
necessary to facilitate completion of all major sections listed below. The schedule chart below contains useful
information for this course. Remember
to check it often.
Use
this link to McGraw-Hill site for tutorials and information on the text The Power of Logic.
The link for the Primis website appears several times in the schedule along
with other links.
Note: A first and very
important lesson from logic itself. See
8/29 Assignments. It reads “Quiz on
basic concepts from chapter 1 or chapter 5 in class.” Unless it is specifically stated to be the case, or is perfectly
clear from the context, the word “or” in logic and in ordinary language is to
be taken to mean “one or the other, possibly both.” There are at least two forms of the use of the word “or” in
logic. One of them is the weak,
inclusive sense (as in the Assignment note on 8/29) and the other is the
strong, exclusive sense. When you go to
a restaurant and the menu indicates that you can have soup or salad with the
entrée, don’t expect to have BOTH soup and salad without paying extra.
SCHEDULE
|
Date |
Topic |
Readings/Chapters |
Links: Discussion Board
Link |
Assignments* and
Suggested Problems** |
|
8/20 |
Introductory information, course requirements, general
introduction to logic |
|
pp. 8-11, Recognizing statements, concepts, validity,
soundness and validity. |
|
|
8/22 |
Chapter 1: Basic
Concepts |
Chapter 1, pp. 1-46 |
None |
pp. 19-20, counterexamples |
|
8/27 |
Chapter 1 Continued; Chapter 5: Categorical (Traditional) Logic - Statements |
Chapter 1, pp. 1-46 continued Chapter 5, pp. 46-60 – categorical statements and the square of opposition |
|
Assignment
1 due on Sept. 3: Link pp. 33-36, Evaluation of Arguments pp. 42-45, Concepts pp. 51-54, Translations in TL pp. 57-60, Logical Relationships and Immediate
Inferences |
|
8/29 |
Chapter 5 continued |
Chapter 5, pp. 60-68 – forms of immediate inference – conversion, obversion and
contraposition |
|
Quiz
on basic concepts from chapter 1 or chapter 5 in class. pp. 65-68, Immediate Inferences |
|
9/3 |
Chapter 5 continued |
Chapter 5, pp. 60-68 continued |
Assignment
1 due today – Link |
Quiz 1 returned today |
|
9/5 |
Chapter 6: Arguments
in Traditional Logic |
Chapter 6, pp. 69-76, Standard Form and Order of Arguments/Syllogisms |
|
pp. 73-76, Form and Order, Mood and Figure Quiz
on immediate inference in class. |
|
9/10 |
Chapter 6 continued |
Chapter 6, pp. 76-117, Venn Diagrams |
|
pp. 84-86, Venn Diagrams |
|
9/12 |
Chapter 6 continued |
Venn Diagrams continued and Chapter 6, pp. 117-123, Rules for Evaluating Syllogisms |
|
pp. 93-95, Venn Diagrams pp. 102-104, Venn Diagrams pp. 107-108, Enthymemes pp. 113-116, Venn Diagrams pp. 121-122, Rules for Testing Syllogisms |
|
9/17 |
TEST 1
– THIS TEST HAS BEEN MOVED TO 9/24 |
Review pp. 1-123 and additional information for this
exam. |
Review is available online. Use this link. |
|
|
9/19 |
Traditional
Logic continued through 9/24 |
|
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|
|
9/24 |
|
|
|
|
|
9/26 – 10/1 |
Chapter 7: Sentence
(Statement) Logic |
Chapter 7, pp. 124-139, Translation to symbols in SL, Chapter 7, pp. 139-156, Truth Value Determination and Truth
Tables/Testing for Validity |
pp. 136-139, Symbolizations |
|
|
10/1 |
Chapter 7 continued |
Chapter 7, pp. 139-156 continued; pp. 139-156 continued. |
pp. 146-147, Truth Values pp. 153-156, Truth Tables – Validity/Invalidity |
|
|
10/3 |
Chapter 7 continued |
Chapter 7, pp. 156-163, Begin Truth tables and Abbreviated
Truth Tables/Proofs of Invalidity |
|
Assignment
2 is due on 10/10. See this
link. There is a quiz today on translations in SL and simple truth value determination. pp. 160-163, Abbreviated Truth Tables |
|
10/8 |
Chapter 7 continued |
Chapter 7, pp. 163-170, Truth Tables for Statements: Tautology, Contingency, Contradiction |
pp. 168-170, Truth Tables and Statements |
|
|
10/10 |
Chapter 7 continued and Addition of Truth Trees |
Chapter 7, pp. 163-170 continued and begin Truth Trees for Testing
Validity/Statements |
See pp. 153-156 and use for truth tree problems. Additional translation
problems. |
|
|
10/15 |
Truth Trees Continued |
Truth Trees continued |
|
|
|
10/17 |
TEST
2, part I*** |
Review pp. 124-170, truth trees, and additional
information for this exam. |
Review may be available online. Watch for a link here. |
TEST 2, PART I IS MOVED TO 10/24;
COPIES OF THE STUDY GUIDE FOR THE TEXT FOR THE COURSE ARE ON RESERVE IN THE
LIBRARY. |
|
10/22 |
Chapter 8: Sentence
Logic Proofs |
Chapter 8, pp. 171-187, Direct Proofs Using the Inference Rules |
|
pp. 181-187, Annotations and Basic Proofs |
|
10/24 |
Chapter 8 continued |
Chapter 8, pp. 171-187 continued |
|
|
|
10/29 |
Chapter 8 continued |
Chapter 8, pp. 187-210, Direct Proofs Using Inference and Equivalence Rules |
pp. 194-198, Annotations and Intermediate Proofs |
|
|
10/31 |
Chapter 8 continued |
Chapter 8, pp. 187-210 continued |
pp. 203-210, Annotations and More Advanced Proofs |
|
|
11/5 |
Chapter 8 continued |
Chapter 8, pp. 219-229, Indirect Proofs (Reductio Ad Absurdum) (Use pp. 211-218 for
additional indirect proof problems) |
|
Use problems on pp. 216-219 w/IP pp. 225-229, Indirect Proofs |
|
11/7 |
Chapter 8 continued |
Chapter 8, pp. 219-229 continued |
|
|
|
11/12 |
TEST
2, part II |
Review pp. 124-229 and additional information for this
exam. |
Review may be available online. Watch for a link here. |
|
|
11/14 |
Chapter 9, Predicate
Logic |
Chapter 9, pp. 236-250, Translations & Quantifiers in PL |
|
pp. 246-250, Symbols & Translations in PL |
|
11/19 |
Chapter 9 continued |
Chapter 9, pp. 236-250 continued |
|
|
|
11/21 |
Chapter 9 continued |
Chapter 9, pp. 259-288, Quantifier Rules, QN, and Proofs in PL |
pp. 273-279, Proofs in PL |
|
|
11/26 |
Chapter 9 continued |
Chapter 9, pp. 259-288 continued Relational Translations and Arguments are on pp. 288-302
and exercises on 302-306. Elements of
these sections will be incorporated as appropriate. |
Answers to “plstuff” files at the following links. Answers are image files – they will take
time to load: Answers to More PL Problems at the following links.
Answers are image files – they will also take extra time to load: |
pp. 285-288, More Proofs in PL |
|
11/28 |
Thanksgiving
Holiday |
|
|
|
|
12/3,
1:00-2:30 (actual time limit for exam) |
TEST 3 |
Review pp. 236-250, 259-288 and additional information
for this exam. |
Review may be available online. Watch for a link here. |
|
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*Assignments
or quizzes to be submitted for a grade will appear in bold or otherwise indicated as required/graded elements of the
course.
**It is
impossible to go through all the problems in the text in class. Answers to selected problems appear in the
back of the book and you should take the
time to work with other people in the class on sets of problems to study for
exams and quizzes. Some problems
from the text will be done in class, others will be added from links in the
syllabus and from the content of lectures.
***Test 2 is broken down into two parts. The average of the two parts will constitute
the total grade for that test.