Important note:  the review questions contained in this document are meant as a general guide to studying for the final examination in this course and are NOT to be construed as indicative of the actual number, type, format, content, or essence of any actual final examination questions.  Your final examination will consist of approximately 50-65 objective questions encompassing the outline notes from October 16, 2000 through December 4, 2000 in the fall term, 2000 and the chapters in the text relevant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.  Remember to check the on-line syllabus and your notes for additional information regarding chapters and added information relevant to the final examination.

1.  What is the Teleological Argument for the existence of God?  How does it work?  Who are its main proponents?
2.  What is the Cosmological Argument for the existence of God?  How do the principles of universal causation, the denial of an infinite regress function in its formulation?  Who are its main proponents?  How does the argument work?
3.  What is the Ontological Argument for the existence of God?  Who is its main proponent?  What is the "Greatest Conceivable Island" argument against it?
4.  What do these terms mean?  Omniscience, omnibenevolence, omnipotence?
5.  What is theodicy?  How is it related to the problem of evil?
6.  What is Divine Command Theory?  What are its two major questions?  What does this theory have to do with the goodness and knowledge of God?
7.  What are the two general types of miracles?  Why are miracles unreliable as the premise of an argument for the existence of God?
8.  What is the general argument from experience for God's existence?  Why is it unreliable?
9.  What are the two primary types of evil?
10. What is hard determinism?  Which of the philosophers' works depends on the notion of predestination?
11. Be able to express at least briefly the main contentions of Jonathan Edwards regarding "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."  What does he say about our salvation?  What is the status of good works?  What is God's grace?
12. Thomas Paine was a deist.  Explain what this term means.  What does he have to say about the notion of a "New" Testament?  What does he say characterizes more than 1/2 of the Christian Bible?  What constitutes infidelity?  What is the ultimate book of God, according to Paine?  What does Paine have to say about prayer?
13. What are Paine's arguments regarding Jesus' crucifixion and the notion of salvation?
14. What is a "genealogy" of morals, for Nietzsche?  What is the distinction between slave and master morality?  Into which category do Abrahamic religions fall?
15.  What are the three Abrahamic religions?
16. What are the main divisions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
17. What does the term 'Tanakh' mean in Judaism?  (Torah, Nevi'im, Kethuvim) What is the main book (scripture) of Judaism?  What is the Jewish attitude toward Jesus?
18. What is the Muslim attitude toward Jesus?
19. What is the general Christian attitude toward Jesus - that is, who he was, what his mission was?
20. Who is the founder of Judaism?
21. What are the roles of Moses, Isaac, and Abraham in Judaism?  What are their roles in Christianity and Islam?
22. What does it mean to say that Judaism is a covenant religion?
23. What is the difference between the stories of creation in Judaism, Christianity and Islam?
24. Why does Judaism hold that Jews are the chosen people?  What might it mean to say that they are "chosen"?
25. What are some of the major religious practices in Judaism?
26. What are the major holidays of Judaism?
27. How are these branches of Judaism distinguished?  Orthodox, conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist?
28. What is the role of circumcision in Judaism?  In Islam?
29. What is the purpose of the Teffelin in Judaism?
30. What are the Bat and Bar Mitzvah ceremonies?
31. What does the term 'kosher' mean?
32. What is the significance of Passover and Rosh Hashanah?
33.  What is ecumenism?
34. What are the four major parts of the New Testament?  (Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Revelation)
35. What does the term "Gospel" mean?
36. What are the 2 major sacraments accepted generally in all of Christianity?  What are the 7 sacraments of Catholicism?
37. What is the status of Good Works in Catholicism?
38. What does the term 'Papal Infallibility' mean?  When (what event) officially established it?
39. What is the mission of the Catholic Church?
40. How are Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy different?  What caused the split between the two groups?  In what year did this happen?  How did the two groups come to exist (it has to do with bishops and excommunication)?    Why is it held that Eastern Orthodoxy is more "mystical" than Roman Catholicism?
41.  What is significant about the Emperor Constantine in Christianity?  What was the Edict of Toleration?
42. What is Protestantism?  What is the Protestant Principle?
43. Who was Martin Luther?  What were two major objections he had to Catholicism?
44. What was the Counter-Reformation in Catholicism?
45. What does it mean to say that Protestantism is "justification by faith"?
46. What are the "dangers" of Protestantism, and why are they so willingly embraced?
47. Who was John Calvin?  What is he responsible for creating in Protestantism?  What was his view of human nature?
48. Who was Tomas Torquemada?  How is what he did related to Islam and Judaism?
49. Why do Jews and Muslims refer to themselves as "Semitic" people?
50. What is the moral code of Judaism and Christianity (and of Islam)?  What two additional rules are added by Christianity to this moral code?
51. What is the Golden Rule?
52.  What are the three major burdens that are lifted from the human being in Protestantism?  (death, guilt, self)
53. What does the term 'anointed' mean?
54. What is the significance of the roles of Peter and Paul in early Christianity?
55. What are the primary goals of Christianity?  (redemption, resurrection)
56. What does the term 'Trinity' mean?  Why do Muslims reject the trinity?
57. Why is Easter the most important holiday in Christianity?
58. What does "atonement" mean?
59. Who was Muhammad?  Who was Ali?  Who was Abu Bakr?  What is the Muslim way of understanding Muhammad?
60. What is the Qu'ran (Koran)?  What does it mean to say that it is not about religion, but that it is religion (is the truth)?
61. What is the role of Ishmael and Isaac in Judaism and Christianity?  What is the role of these two people in Islam?
62. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
63.  What are the four major elements of Islamic law?
64. What is the status of women in Islam?  What is the status of women in Judaism?  In Christianity?
65. What is Ramadan?  Why is it significant?  What does this holiday require of believers?
66. What does it mean to say that Jews, Christians and Muslims are "People of the Book"?
67.  What is the distinction between Sunni, Shiite and Sufi Muslims?  Which of these groups is composed of 'mystics'?  Which group is conservative?  Which group arose as a result of political differences?
68. What is a 'jihad'?
69. What is the significance of the prostrated position of Muslims in prayer?
70.  What does the term 'Islam' mean?