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PHI 2011 - 0001:  Philosophical Reasoning
Syllabus - Fall Term 2001/MWF 11-11:50 VAB 111

This syllabus will undergo changes and additions to content and schedule as the semester progresses.  Course requirements remain unchanged, though specific assignments will be formulated, added, and listed as appropriate.  You should check this on-line syllabus regularly for notes, problems, assignments, and additions.


Dr. Nancy Stanlick Department Office:  407-823-2273
Office:  CNH 411-I/Phone:  407-823-5459 e-mail:  stanlick@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu
Hours:  MWF 9:00-9:45; MW 2:00-2:45 & by appointment

Course Description and Objective:   PHI 2011 is a course in philosophical reasoning in which we will examine some major arguments in philosophy and engage in critical evaluation of the concept of rationality itself.  The first half of the course will be devoted to an examination of some major problems of philosophy, their argumentative structure, and critical appraisal of their merits.  The second half of the course is an inquiry into the nature of rationality and some contemporary critiques of the notion of "reason," its use(s) and application.  You should become familiar with philosophical terminology, philosophical argumentation, problems in reasoning, and classical and contemporary debates regarding the nature of rationality.

Requirements and Grades:  Three examinations and individual assignments determine your grade for the course.  Exams count as 75% of your grade (25% each), and assignments count collectively as 25%.  One assignment grade can be dropped, but NO test grade is dropped.  Be sure to attend regularly because you are responsible for meeting all obligations for this course.  Make-up exams and assignments are given only with good, legitimate, and verifiable reasons.  Any late exams or assignments must be made up within three class meeting days of their initial administration.  THERE IS NO EXTRA CREDIT OFFERED OR AVAILABLE IN THIS COURSE.  Grades are earned, not given.

Grades and Grading Scale:  Grades are based on the following numerical values and are assigned using the +/- grading system.
 
 

A:  95-100/Outstanding C:  74-76/Average
A-:  90-95/ Superior
C-:  70-73/Minimal Average
B+:  87-89/Excellent D+: 67-69/Slightly Below Average
B:  84-86/Well above average
D:  64-66/Below Average
B-:  80-83/Above Average
D-: 60-63/Passing, but barely
C+:  77-79/Slightly Above Average
F:  0-59/Failing

Incomplete grades are assigned only in cases of severe or extreme hardship and are subject to conditions as appropriate.  "NC" grades are NOT available for this course.
    Plagiarism of any kind is a violation of the "Golden Rule" as published in the UCF Catalog.  Acadmic honesty and integrity are expected of everyone all the time.  Violations of academic integrity will be dealt with as appropriate.  See the link to academic integrity and visit the UCF website for information on the "Golden Rule."  In this course, it is probably a good idea to study with others and to collaborate to a reasonable extent on course assignments without going beyond the point at which you and another person or persons are submitting the same or substantially similar or identical work.  Do NOT collaborate on tests.
    Common courtesy is expected at all times.  Wandering in late is disruptive and impolite.  So are ringing cell phones and screeching beepers.  Please turn them off, or set to them to a silent alarm.  I prefer that you not record lectures.
    Attendance is strongly encouraged and expected, but it is not "counted" in determining your grade for the course.  In particular, you get no credit simply for "showing up."  Being is class, one would think, is a given.  You are responsible for being in class and for any exams or assignments you may miss.  Much of the material covered in class may not appear in the text or in any notes in this syllabus or website.  If you miss a class, you are responsible for obtaining any notes or information you missed.  Office hours are not held to repeat a lecture already given in class.  They are held to clarify points, provide assistance, and otherwise attend to academic matters relevant to the course.  If a test or assignment falls on a day of religious observance in which you participate, you must provide at least two weeks' advance notice in writing to be able to make up any missing test or assignment.

Texts:  1.  Cornman, Lehrer and Pappas, Philosophical Problems and Arguments, 4th Edition.  Hackett Publishing Company.
                2.  Genevieve Lloyd, The Man of Reason: "Male" and "Female" in Western Philosophy, Univ. of Minnesota Press.
                3.  Other works required for the course will be placed on reserve in the UCF Library or they will be available on-line.

Schedule and Information about On-line Notes:  From time to time, course materials may appear as links in this syllabus or may be given out in class as photocopies.  Watch for them.  Some elements of course contents may appear in "review" questions for exams.
    A message board is appended as a link in this syllabus.  The link appears in the table at the top of this document.  The message board is for on-line review and discussion.  You should use it for posting questions to other people registered in this course and for studying for exams.  It may also prove useful in completing course assignments.  When posting quetions or information on the message board, please use either your "real" name or a screen name by which you may be identified by others.  Anonymous posts are not always helpful.  Messages are not edited or screened as they are posted, so be decent and civilized and don't post anything inappropriate.  I do not necessarily engage in discussions or read all posted messages, but the board is regularly checked and maintained.

Schedule:
    Note:  The schedule below is meant only as a guide.  Changes and alterations in the schedule, scheduled examinations, readings, and other information may be made from time to time to ensure completion of all major sections listed below.
    If a work required for the course does not appear in one of the texts, a link to electronic documents, or a notation regarding reserve materials will be made in the schedule below.
    When review questions are posted, they are designed for review of major theories, issues, problems, etc., and do not necessarily reflect the content, format, or number of actual questions appearing on examinations.
 
 
 

Dates/Weeks
Topics
Page Numbers, Reserve Materials, Electronic Texts
Lecture Notes/Outlines & Other information
Assignments



LINKS, QUESTIONS THESE ARE EDITED OFTEN
8/20 Introductory Meeting
What is reasoning, what is rationality? What is the most "rational" way to figure out which English word begins with "und" and ends with "und"?  The solution is not nearly so important as how you manage to get it.
8/22 - 9/21 Argumentation, Reasoning and argumentative structure in philosophical reasoning - Knowledge, skepticism, free will and determinism Cornman, Lehrer and Pappas, pp. 1-138 ("The Content and Methods of Philosophy" - Chapter 1, "The Problem of Knowledge and Skepticism" - Chapter 2, and "The Problem of Freedom and Determinism" - Chapter 3  as well as on-line/reserve resources Forms of Argument - A little bit of logic, anyone?

Possible Inclusions:

For Knowledge and Skepticism:

Conditions for Knowledge
1.  The Gettier Problem - copies in class

2.  Descartes' Discourse on Method
Parts II, III, IV; Part V (last 4 paragraphs)

3.  Hobbes on Ratiocination (ch. 5 of Leviathan - "Of Reason and Science) - available online.

4.  Peirce (on-line notes) from " Fixation of Belief " (full text on-line)

5.  James, "Pragmatism's Conception of Truth" - available on-line

6.  Selections from Popper from Conjectures and Refutations -copies in class - the essay is Popper's position on "Utopia and Violence"
 

A priori, a posteriori, demonstrative, experimental, experiential reasoning

For Free Will and Determinism:

Classical Statements of Hard Determinism, Soft Determinism, and Compatibilism from works by Hobbes, Leibniz, d'Holbach, William James, et.al.

Notes on Gettier, Descartes, Hobbes, Peirce, James and Popper - posted on 9/23/01.

C, L & P - discussion of selected exercises/problems on pp. 11-12, 15-16, 24-25, and 34-36 (Basics of logic).

Discussion of problems/exercises on pp. 84-88 on knowledge and skepticism.

The problem of nocturnal doubling, The inverted spectrum problem

Would you know it if everything in the universe doubled in size while you were alseep?  Would it make any difference if it happened?

Discussion of problems/exercises on pp. 131-136 on Freedom and Determinism

 

TEST 1 TENTATIVE:  SEPT. 21*


9/21-10/24 TEST 1 WILL BE A TAKE-HOME EXAM, NOT IN-CLASS.  IT WILL BE DISTRIBUTED ON 9/19 AND IS DUE ON 9/28 DURING CLASS.  IT WILL NOT INCLUDE THE SECTIONS ON FREE WILL AND DETERMINISM.  THAT ISSUE WILL MOVE TO THE CONTENT OF THE SECOND TEST.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Metaphysics, Philosophy of Religion

Cornman, Lehrer and Pappas, pp. 197-278 (Chapter 5) "The Problem of Justifying Belief in God"

Part I:  text, pp. 198-204:  Characteristics of a Divine Being

Article copies:  Anthony Flew, "Divine Omnipotence and Human Freedom"

Part II:  pp. 205-260.  Arguments for God's existence.
Cosmological
Ontological 
Teleological

-God, Religion and Reason - 

1.  Article:  "On Pascal's Wager" by Alan Carter in Philosophical Quarterly, Jan 2000, vol. 50, Issue 198, p. 22.
2.  Article:  "The Argument from Design:  What is at Stake Theologically" by Anna Case-Winters in Zygon:  A Journal of Religion and Science, March 2000, Vol. 35, Iss. 1, p. 69, 13pp.

NOTE:  THESE ARTICLES ARE AVAILABLE ON-LINE THROUGH THE UCF LIBRARY.  USE ACADEMIC SEARCH ELITE AND SEARCH BY AUTHOR NAME AND TITLE.

Part III:  pp. 260-274.
The Problem of Evil - FOR WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 17 - GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE PROBLEM OF EVIL

Articles:
1.  J.L. Mackie, "Evil and Omnipotence" in Mind, Vol. 64, No. 254, April 1955, pp. 200-212 - FOR FRIDAY OCT. 19
2.  H.J. McCloskey, "God and Evil" in Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 39, April 1960, pp. 97-114 - FOR MONDAY OCT. 22.

NOTE:  THESE ARTICLES ARE AVAILABLE ON-LINE THROUGH THE UCF LIBRARY ON J-STOR.  GO TO THE LIBRARY SITE, CHOOSE DATABASES, THEN GO TO "J" FOR "JSTOR" AND RETRIEVE THE ARTICLES. 

 

-God7.  September 24:
Emerson's "Self-Reliance" as a Critique of Rationality - online text
 
 

The methods of "proof" for God's existence
Demonstrative
Inductive
Experiential

Possible Inclusions on God's Existence:

William James, from "The Will to Believe"; Pascal's Wager, etc., "The Problem of Evil" and selected articles from Critiques of God and other sources

Due to the unreliable nature of the equipment in VAB 111, you should check this on-line syllabus for changes, additions, links, etc., but because we cannot use this resource in class, limited notes will be available online.

Notes on Emerson
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Discussion of selected problems/exercises on pp. 274-278.
 

Due on 10/17:  Research assignment - Find an article on the Problem of Evil written between 1995 and the present, either available on-line or in print (from a respectable academic source only), and write a brief (typed, double-spaced, 2-4 pages) summary and critical appraisal of the argument(s) appearing in the article. 

TEST 2 October 24 Test 2 on FW/Determinism and Arguments for God's Existence/Problem of Evil Review Questions (more to be added on 10/22 and 10/23)
10/24-12/3 Justifying an Ethical Standard; Rationality in Philosophical Discourse - G. Lloyd, The Man of Reason (Complete) and Others Cornman, Lehrer and Pappas, 279-356 "The Problem of Justifying an Ethical Standard"

G. Lloyd, Complete

And Others - online/on reserve


Relativism, Nihilism, Skepticism, Egoism, Hedonism, Utilitarianism, Dentology

The Nature of Rationality

Critiques of Reason

Asgn #2.  Write up a short (2 pp max.) description of an ethical problem or dilemma, and propose through the use of some ethical theory or principle the way in which the problem or dilemma will be solved.  Due on Friday Nov. 2 in class.

Inclusions for Ethics and the Critique of Reason:

Feminist Critiques of Reason/Rationality in Lloyd's The Man of Reason

Michael Oakeshott, "Rational Conduct" and "Rationalism in Politics" - both of these works were put on reserve on Wednesday Nov. 21.  We'll start with "Rationalism in Politics" on Monday the 26th.

Final (3rd Assignment - due on 12/3) - see the link, here .


12/7 Final Exam
10:00-12:50

Your final exam is on-line now (12/2/01) and is due on 12/7 (Friday) by 4:00 p.m. in my office or by 11:59 p.m. online.