1.  What is the distinction between hard and soft determinism?  What is libertarianism?
2.  Why is soft determinism called "compatibilism"?
3.  What is the Ontological Argument for God's existence and what are, in your view, two of the most destructive criticisms of it?
4.  What is the Cosmological Argument for God's existence and what, in your view, are two of the most destructive criticisms of it?
5.  What is the Teleological Argument for God's existence?  What are two of the most telling criticisms against it?
6.  How does Anna Case-Winters show that there is still, even after scientific discoveries and the rise of modern science itself, some value to the Teleological Argument?  In what sense is it related to Pascal's Wager?
7.  What is Pascal's Wager, and how does A. Carter show that the wager is flawed?
8.  What is the statement of the problem of evil, according to Mackie?
9.  What is the paradox of omnipotence?  How does it justify the conclusion that there is no way to assign a notion of God's omnipotence in any inclusive sense?
10. What is Mackie's point in making a distinction between 1st, 2nd and 3rd order evils and goods?
11. How does Mackie show that it is not impossible that we act freely but always do what is right?
12. With respect to the problem of evil, what is McCloskey's argument regarding the proposal that physical good is not possible without physical evil?
13. How does McCloskey respond to the claim that evil is a "warning" to humanity?
14. What is the apparent paradox with respect to the notions that evil conduces to good in the universe and that we ought to reduce evil?
15. In what way does McCloskey show that ordinary theism leads to the claim that God performs apparently immoral behaviors?
 

These review questions form the basis for your second test (October 24).  Test questions, in whole or in part, will be derived from those above.