PHI 2010: Introduction to Philosophy Final Exam Review on: Egoism, Hobbes, Locke, Mill (Utilitarianism & On Liberty) and Emerson

1. What is the difference between psychological egoism and ethical egoism?
2. How are the states of nature and war different in the theories of Hobbes and Locke?
3. What are Hobbes’s three ‘causes of quarrel’? Be able to define each of them.
4. What is the difference between a right of nature and a law of nature, for Hobbes?
5. For Hobbes, what is the reason for the institution of government? For Locke, what is the reason?
6. What are Locke’s two primary arguments against the institution of absolute government?
7. What does it mean for Hobbes to claim that everyone in the state of nature has a right to all things, even to another person’s body?
8. What is the principle of Utility?

9. What are the sanctions of the principle of utility?
10. What are some of the primary criticisms of Utilitarianism?
11. What is paternalism (Mill)? What is the “Harm Principle”?
12. What is Mill’s argument concerning the liberty of thought and discussion? Why is silencing of opinions, even when they are false, unjustified?
13. For Emerson, what does it mean to say that one ought to “trust thyself”?
14. How does Locke justify the claim that we have a natural right to property?
15. What is Locke’s law of nature? What are Hobbes’s first three laws of nature?

Your final exam on December 5 will have no fewer than 5 and no more than 10 short answer essay questions.