PHI 2101: Review for Exam 3

 

The format of this review reflects or mirrors the format of the actual test on April 24.  Questions and problems will, of course, be different.

 

  1. Represent symbolically the valid argument form disjunctive syllogism using SYMBOLS ONLY.

 

 

 

  1. Represent symbolically the invalid argument “Affirming the Consequent.”

 

 

 

  1. Using a truth table, determine whether these two statements are equivalent to each other.  (Remember to put the « symbol between the two and show the answer under that symbol as the “major connective.”

 

(~B à A)          (A v B)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Use DeMorgan’s theorem on the following:

 

 

    1. ~(A v ~B)        _____________________

 

 

    1. ~(C · D)          _____________________

 

  1. Symbolize the following statements using the capitalized letters.
    1. If either A or B, then both C and D.      ____________________

 

 

    1. Neither C nor not D.                 ____________________

 

 

    1. If A, then not B.                        ____________________

 

  1. If you know that “if Ann graduates, she will get a job” is true, then what do you know about the following?  That is, indicate for each of the statements below whether it must be true, cannot be true, or that it may be true.

 

 

    1. Ann will get a job.         ____________________
    2. If Ann does not get a job, then she did not graduate.  ________________
    3. Either Ann did not graduate or she will get a job.  _______________
    4. If Ann does not graduate, she will not get a job.  ________________

 

  1. If you know that “it is not the case that either John or Kevin will graduate,” what do you know about the following?  Indicate for each of the statements below whether it must be true, cannot be true, or that it may be true.

 

 

    1. John will not graduate.  _______________
    2. If John graduates, then Kevin will not graduate.  ________________
    3. It is not the case that if John does not graduate, Kevin will graduate.  __________
    4. John will not graduate or Kevin will not graduate.  ________________

 

  1. Define the term “necessary condition.”

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the ultimate principle of morality of Utilitarianism?  What does this principle mean?  Explain briefly.

 

 

 

 

  1. From a Utilitarian point of view, would you be able to justify the claim that recognition of civil rights for all Americans is justified?  That is, what argument can you put forth using Kant’s ethical theory that would show this to be the case?  (Make the argument simple and straightforward.)

 

 

 

 

  1. What is Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave”?  What is it meant to symbolize or explain?

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Create a simple mind map to illustrate and clarify either the concept of “justice” or “equality.”