What does "Modern" mean?

How would you describe the "modern" versions (as opposed to some other version) of the following?

Architecture	Dating/Marriage	Literature	Science
Art	Entertainment	Movies/Film	Sport
Career	Farming	Music	Technology
Communication	Fashion	Politics	Transportation
Cuisine	Gender Roles	Religion	War

• What terms would you contrast with "modern?" What would you consider to be synonyms?
  
  
• When does "modern" start? Has it ended? Is there something after the "modern"?
  
  
• What is the "modern" person, or the person in the modern age or society?