Jennifer Cross's Analysis of Sense of Place

From Cross, Jennifer. "What is Sense of Place?" http://www.western.edu/headwtrs/Archives/headwaters12_papers/cross_paper.html

Relationship	Type of Bond	Process
Biographical	historical and familial	being born in and living in a place, develops over time
Spiritual	emotional, intangible	feeling a sense of belonging, simply felt rather than created
Ideological	moral and ethical	living according moral guidelines for human responsibility to place, guidelines may be religious or secular
Narrative	mythical	learning about a place through stories, including: creation myths, family histories, political accounts, and fictional accounts
Commodified	cognitive (based on choice and desirability)	choosing a place based a list of desirable traits and lifestyle preferences, comparison of actual places with ideal
Dependent	material	constrained by lack of choice, dependency on another person, or economic opportunity

Levels of Sense of Place

Sense of Place	Satisfaction	Home as Insideness	Local Identity	Type of Attachment	Future Desires
Rootedness Cohesive	high	here (physical, spiritual, emotional)	strong	biographical, spiritual, ideological	continued residence
Rootedness Divided	variable	here and there (physical,spiritual, emotional)	split	biographical spiritual dependent	variable
Place Alienation	low	there (physical, spiritual, emotional)	weak	dependent	desire to leave, but unable
Relativity	variable	anywhere	moderate	commodified (biographical) (dependent)	to live in ideal place, wherever that may be
Uncommitted Placelessness	(moderate)	anywhere/nowhere	weak	none	no specific expectations of place